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Ⅰ . New
agriculture in the 21st century
Faced with the
changing situation of the epidemic in 2020, countries all over the world
are fighting the epidemic. Food security has become a basic means
to stabilize society. After the epidemic, the worldwide agriculture
should look like?
1. Self-sufficient
agriculture will be replaced by enterprise production
Self-sufficiency is representative of a farm, from grain, fruits and
vegetables, animal meat and so on, all from own production , only parts
of the exchange with other farmers. However, modern agricultural
industries can no longer adopt this method. Subsistence
agriculture tend to be the lowest cost and the least efficient
production methods. Enterprise production also known
as Agriculture-Business, Commercial's Agriculture, Agriculture
enterprization. Enterprise production is not as representatives of the
European and American agricultural company with several hundred hectares
to tens of thousands of hectares of land and only produce a single crop.
The commercialization in agriculture represent produce the products in
science and technology oriented.
2. The three main
bodies of agricultural production
Food crops: rice,
wheat, corn, soybeans, etc.
Nutritional
sources: plant sources such as vegetables and fruits. Animal sources are
like livestock and aquatic products.
Economic crops:
such as tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber , oil palm, etc.
3. Agriculture has
become ecological, systemic, and integrated agriculture
It is not
necessarily a single crop on a single land, but integrated production
of agriculture, livestock, and aquaculture. Waste can be processed for
reuse. The integrated production can be carried out in one region, one
country or several countries.
4. Mechanization
and Automation Agriculture
Young person
leaves rural gradually, urbanization ratio is increased. The rural
population is dominated by the elderly, women and children. Agricultural
operations with limited manpower needs be replaced by the mechanization
and automation graduately.
5. The division of
labor in the global industrial chain will change
It is impossible to
regain complete self-sufficiency in foods. Unless a country is an
island, desert or city, it will have its own partial proportional of
foods supply chain. That is, each country need to produce partial foods
for itself.
6. Global climate
change
Because of the
climate change, agriculture will bound from static passive state, to
towards dynamic
initiative. Agricultural production needs to
be arranged in advance planning.
Ⅱ . The
characteristics of modern agriculture in developing countries
1. Rural
labor, especially young people move to urban, the problem of land
inheritance and ownership will easily solve. The meaning of land as
an asset is decreasing in the young generation.
2. The developing
countries can avoid the errors of the developing countries. The
walk-term of agriculture modernization then is shorten. The errors of
agriculture modernization include the excessive use of
chemicals, excessive mechanization, excessive dependence on a single
crop, and not linked of the three major industries of agriculture,
livestock, and aquaculture.
3. To assist the
developing countries, it is necessary to break away from the previous
economic assistance and send short-term experts. The understand the
natural climate and soil conditions of the country, and the training of
local talents are the key. The existing official systems and related
units such as agricultural research and extension stations must be
activated.
Ⅲ . To
building a modern country from agricultural modernization
1.Agriculture has
the largest proportion and the lowest GDP proportion of the
population, it becomes the upgrading of economic sectors.
2.Rural areas can
release more manpower to the industrial and commercial sector. However,
it is necessary to maintain sufficient manpower in rural areas
3.Agricultural
income can promote economic and market viability. Rural purchasing power
can drive the people's livelihood industry and light industry.
4. The processing
of agricultural modernization need to consider the maintain the
ecological environment. Besides of the food security, the nutritional
balance, economic income, and land integrity are important factors for
the development of country.
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